More details at Logseq

谓语动词的三大本领

  • 时间状态语气

语气

陈述语气(Indicative Mood)

  • 描述现实:
    • I ate the apple.

疑问语气

  • 与陈述语气对应:
    • Did I eat the apple?

祈使语气(Imperative Mood)

  • 命令、请求:
    • Eat that apple. (实际上是第二人称的陈述语气的省略版 -> You eat that apple.)
    • Give me a five. -> You give me five.

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)

1. 表示对”不可能”的假设

  • 与现在事实相反

    • Chinglish: If I am a bird, I will fly to somewhere I enjoy.
    • English: If I were a bird, I would fly to somewhere I enjoy.(这里不论人称全都用were)
  • 与将来事实相反(将来要发生的事件可能性极小):

    • NOTE: 这行不是虚拟语气:If I (shall) get 80 in English test next time, I will (can, may) be in the top 50 of my grade. (这句话合乎语法逻辑,但是表示未来发生可能性比较大,也被称之为条件语气

    • If I should(万一:这个should仅仅是shall的过去式) get 80 in English next time, I would (could, might) be in the top 50 of my grade.(合乎语法逻辑,表示将来发生可能性不大)

  • 与过去事实相反

    • 如果我当时英语考了80分,现在我已经是年级前50名了。

    • Chinglish: If I got 80 in English test a week ago, I am now in the top 50 of my grade.

      • 解释:主从句全部都是陈述语气,全部在表示一个客观事实,但很明显我现在并不是年级前50.
    • English: If I have got 80 in English test a week ago, I have been now in the top 50 of my grade.

2. 愿望,请求,建议,命令

  • 希望某个动作发生:
    • Wish: 希望可能性小的事情发生
      • 对现在的愿望:
        • I wish that I were a bird.(无论是什么人称,在虚拟语气中全部使用were)
      • 对过去的愿望:
        • I wish that I had got 80 in English test.
      • 对将来的愿望:
        • I wish that I should (could, would) get 80 in English test.
    • Hope: 偏中性
    • would rather: 宁愿
      • I would rather that you didn’t get 46 in English test.(我宁愿你不会拿46分)
      • I would rather that you hadn’t got 46 in English test.(我宁愿你没有拿46分)
    • demand
    • suggest
    • insist
    • order

总结

image.png

Reference

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Skm12wNLa8&list=PLiRHe7F8P0-0ykWSiVY9Ia431TB-HzQm0&index=3