谓语动词的三大本领

时间

状态

语气

语气

陈述语气（Indicative Mood）

描述现实：I ate the apple.

疑问语气

与陈述语气对应

Did I eat the apple?

祈使语气（Imperative Mood）

命令、请求

Eat that apple. 实际上是第二人称的陈述语气的省略版 -> You eat that apple.

Give me a five. -> You give me five.

虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）

1. 表示对”不可能”的假设

与现在事实相反

Chinglish: If I am a bird, I will fly to somewhere I enjoy.

English: If I were a bird, I would fly to somewhere I enjoy.（这里不论人称全都用were）

与将来事实相反（将来要发生的事件可能性极小）

NOTE: 这行不是虚拟语气：If I (shall) get 80 in English test next time, I will(can, may) be in the top 50 of my grade. （这句话合乎语法逻辑，但是表示未来发生可能性比较大，也被称之为条件语气）

If I should（万一：这个should仅仅是shall的过去式） get 80 in English next time, I would(could, might) be in the top 50 of my grade.（合乎语法逻辑，表示将来发生可能性不大）

与过去事实相反

如果我当时英语考了80分，现在我已经是年级前50名了。

Chinglish: If I got 80 in English test a week ago, I am now in the top 50 of my grade.

解释：主从句全部都是陈述语气，全部在表示一个客观事实，但很明显我现在并不是年级前50.

English: If I have got 80 in English test a week ago, I have been now in the top 50 of my grade.

2. 愿望，请求，建议，命令

希望某个动作发生

Wish: 希望可能性小的事情发生

对现在的愿望：

I wish that I were a bird.（无论是什么人称，在虚拟于其中全部使用were）

对过去的愿望：

I wish that I had got 80 in English test.

对将来的愿望：

I wish that I should (could, would, would) get 80 in English test.

Hope:偏中性

would rather: 宁愿

I would rather that you didn’t get 46 in English test.(我宁愿你不会拿46分)

I would rather that you hadn’t got 46 in English test.（我宁愿你没有拿46分）

demand

suggest

insist

order

总结

image.png

Reference

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Skm12wNLa8&list=PLiRHe7F8P0-0ykWSiVY9Ia431TB-HzQm0&index=3